Matthew 5

Matthew's writings of the Gospel of the kingdom were inspired. But what do they really tell us in the context of the times and the precepts of the kingdom of God and the character of those who would enter into it?
Comments
These blessings on the mount are for those who seek, strive and persevere in their quest for the Kingdom of God. They are about the virtues of those who journey after the kingdom through The Way of Christ.
V3 "The word μακαριοι, here rendered blessed, properly means happy"^[1] and is not the same as the term we see used in Matthew 23:39(Εὐλογημένος Eulogēmenos); Matthew 25:34(εὐλογημένοι eulogēmenoi). In Matthew 5 we see the Greek term Makarioi (Μακάριοι)^[2] for "happy" repeated as Blessed.
V3 The Poor in spirit is often translated in many bible as just "the poor" yet in almost every original text written Matthew writes in the Greek "πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι" meaning "the poor in spirit" which is not the same as the poor financially.
Matthew 5:17 makes it very clear out of Jesus' own mouth that he was not going to destroy the law. The word we see as destroy is not the word apollumi^[3] translated destroy 26 times and meaning "to put out of the way entirely, abolish, put an end to ruin or render useless". Nor is it the Greek word luo^[4] meaning "to loosen, undo, dissolve". Nor is it the word diaphtheiro^[5] meaning "to change for the worse, to corrupt". It is from the Greek word kataluo^[6] meaning "to dissolve... to overthrow ... bring to naught... to subvert,... institutions, forms of government, laws, etc..." We see it in Matthew 26:61 "And said, This [fellow] said, I am able to destroy <2647> the temple of God, and to build it in three days." and in Matthew 27:40 "And saying, Thou that destroyest <2647> the temple, and buildest [it] in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross." and Mark 13:2 "And Jesus answering said unto him, Seest thou these great buildings? there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall <2647> not be thrown down <2647>."
He said that he was fulfilling things using the word pleroo ^[7] meaning "to make full, to fill up,... to cause to abound,.... to render full". Remember the Pharisees and their traditions (also translated ordinance^[8]) like Corban were making the word of God to none effect and not bearing fruit.
The law included the Ten Commandments which hinge upon the Two commandments. The statutes of Moses were his description of the application of that basic law. Jesus did not violate the law but appeared at times to violate the pharisees' private interpretation of the law.
The truth is, most Modern Christians have the same "traditions" of corban as the pharisees created by FDR and expanded by LBJ which degenerate the social bonds of a free society.
The words and deeds of Jesus Christ and His appointed disciples do convince me that Moses and Jesus were in agreement.
13V We are no longer the "Salt and Light" of the world.
17V the law is not done away with but the Statutes and ordinances that came from the sophistry of the Pharisees which is the same as that of the Modern Church. If all the law is found in love God and neighbor then it is still there.
21V We discussed this Raca^[9]("evil tidings, they mourned") in our study in Exodus 33. What does it have to do with a consuming fire?^[10] but it is also associated with not harkening unto the words of God.^[11] Your anger, jealousy, envy may lead you to covet what is your neighbor until you begin to bite one another and are consumed one of another with the fire of your own anger.^[12]
We should not lust, abandon our commitments and we should not swear oaths, seek vengeance which requires us to judge others which is an usurpation of God but actually love our enemy and leave judgement to God.


Questions
And they, like the early Church, had a daily ministration of Pure Religion rooted in love and charity.
Where is the people daily ministration today and is it by charity or force?
Where is the love of Christ to practice of Pure Religion in the modern Church?
Where does the Modern Church provide a daily ministration of care for the people so that no one has to go to the rulers of the world who exercise authority ^[13] one over the other but call themselves benefactors?
Or are you making the word of God to none effect with your Corban, legal charity, and other covetous practices which makes men merchandise and will curse children?
When did the dainties of rulers stop being a snare and a trap?

The Sermon on the Mount

[1] And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him:

The Beatitudes

[2] And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,

[3] Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

[4] Blessed are they that mourn:^[14] 3996 πενθέω pentheo for they shall be comforted.

[5] Blessed are the meek:^[15] for they shall inherit the earth.

[6] Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness:^[16] for they shall be filled.

[7] Blessed are the merciful:^[17] for they shall obtain mercy.

katharoi [8] Blessed are the pure in heart:katharoi(οἱ καθαροὶ)^[18] kardia (τῇ καρδίᾳ)^[19] for they shall see God.

[9] Blessed are the peacemakers:^[20] for they shall be called the children of God.

[10] Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

[11] Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecuteyou, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.

[12] Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward^[21] in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.

Salt and Light

[13] Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.

[14] Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid.

[15] Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.

[16] Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.

Christ Came to Fulfill the Law

[17] Think not that I am come to destroy^[6] the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy^[6] , but to fulfil.^[7]

[18] For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

[19] Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least^[22] in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great^[23] in the kingdom of heaven.

[20] For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.

Anger

[21] Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

[22] But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell^[24] fire.

[23] Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee;

[24] Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.

Agree

[25] Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.

[26] Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.

Lust

[27] Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery:

[28] But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.

[29] And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.

[30] And if thy right hand offend thee, cut if off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.

Divorce

[31] It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:

[32] But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.

Oaths

[33] Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:

[34] But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne:

[35] Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King.

[36] Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.

[37] But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.^[25]

Retaliation

[38] Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:

[39] But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

[40] And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.

[41] And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.

[42] Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.

Love Your Enemies

[43] Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.

[44] But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;

[45] That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.

[46] For if ye love them which love you, what reward^[21] have ye? do not even the publicans the same?

[47] And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so?

[48] Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.

If you need help:

Or want to help others:

Footnotes

↑ Benson Commentary
↑
3107 μακάριος makarios [mak-ar’-ee-os] a prolonged form of the poetical makar (meaning the same); adj; TDNT- 4:362,548; [{See TDNT 459 }] AV-blessed 44, happy 5, happier 1; 50
1) blessed, happy
- The ancient Greek adjective for "blessed" or "happy" is makarios, "which was originally used to describe those who lived in another world." They had "had achieved a state of happiness and contentment in life that was beyond all cares, labors, and even death." The verb makaeizo means "count as happy" or as a noun makarismos has a definition of "a declaration of blessedness" in its "Usage: regarding as happy, blessed, or enviable" while others see it as a "happy calling, the act of pronouncing happy" or "regarding as happy blessed or enviable".
- * Distinguished from the Greek noun eulogia also said to mean "blessed", adj. 2127 eulogeo or v. 2128 eulogetos, n. 2129 eulogia = to praise...to consecrate,.
↑ 622 ~ἀπόλλυμι~ apollumi \@ap-ol’-loo-mee\@ from 575 apo from in the sense of separation and the base of 3639 ("ólethros" ("ruination") however does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). Rather it emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with the complete "undoing."); v AV-perish 33, destroy 26, lose 22, be lost 5, lost 4, misc 2; 92
1) to destroy
1a) to put out of the way entirely, abolish, put an end to ruin

1b) render useless

1c) to kill

1d) to declare that one must be put to death

1e) metaph. to devote or give over to eternal misery in hell

1f) to perish, to be lost, ruined, destroyed

2) to destroy
2a) to lose
↑ 3089 λύω luo [loo’-o] a root word; v; TDNT-2:60 & 4:328,543; [{See TDNT 456 }] AV-loose 27, break 5, unloose 3, destroy 2, dissolve 2, put off 1, melt 1, break up 1, break down 1; 43
1) to loose any person (or thing) tied or fastened
1a) bandages of the feet, the shoes,

1b) of a husband and wife joined together by the bond of matrimony

1c) of a single man, whether he has already had a wife or has not yet married

2) to loose one bound, i.e. to unbind, release from bonds, set free
2a) of one bound up (swathed in bandages)

2b) bound with chains (a prisoner), discharge from prison, let go

3) to loosen, undo, dissolve, anything bound, tied, or compacted together
3a) an assembly, i.e. to dismiss, break up

3b) laws, as having a binding force, are likened to bonds

3c) to annul, subvert

3d) to do away with, to deprive of authority, whether by precept or act

3e) to declare unlawful

3f) to loose what is compacted or built together, to break up, demolish, destroy

3g) to dissolve something coherent into parts, to destroy

3h) metaph., to overthrow, to do away with
↑ 1311 ~διαφθείρω~ diaphtheiro \@dee-af-thi’-ro\@ from 1225 and 5351; v AV-destroy 3, corrupt 2, perish 1; 6
1) to change for the worse, to corrupt
1a) of minds, morals

2) to destroy, ruin
2a) to consume
2a1) of bodily vigour and strength

2a2) of the worm or moth that eats provisions, clothing, etc.

2b) to destroy, to kill
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 2647 ~καταλύω~ kataluo \@kat-al-oo’-o\@ from 2596 and 3089; v AV-destroy 9, throw down 3, lodge 1, guest 1, come to nought 1, overthrow 1, dissolve 1; 17
1) to dissolve, disunite
1a) (what has been joined together), to destroy, demolish

1b) metaph. to overthrow i.e. render vain, deprive of success, bring to naught
1b1) to subvert, overthrow

1b1a) of institutions, forms of government, laws, etc., to deprive of force, annul, abrogate, discard

1c) of travellers, to halt on a journey, to put up, lodge (the figurative expression originating in the circumstance that, to put up for the night, the straps and packs of the beasts of burden are unbound and taken off; or, more correctly from the fact that the traveller’s garments, tied up when he is on the journey, are unloosed at it end)
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 4137 ~πληρόω~ pleroo \@play-ro’-o\@ from 4134⁹; v AV-fulfil 51, fill 19, be full 7, complete 2, end 2, misc 9; 90
1) to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full
1a) to cause to abound, to furnish or supply liberally
1a1) I abound, I am liberally supplied

2) to render full, i.e. to complete
2a) to fill to the top: so that nothing shall be wanting to full measure, fill to the brim

2b) to consummate: a number
2b1) to make complete in every particular, to render perfect

2b2) to carry through to the end, to accomplish, carry out, (some undertaking)

2c) to carry into effect, bring to realisation, realise
2c1) of matters of duty: to perform, execute

2c2) of sayings, promises, prophecies, to bring to pass, ratify, accomplish

2c3) to fulfil, i.e. to cause God’s will (as made known in the law) to be obeyed as it should be, and God’s promises (given through the prophets) to receive fulfilment
↑
3862 ~παράδοσις~ paradosis \@par-ad’-os-is\@ from 3860 paradidomi the verb which is from the preposition to from 3844 para of and 1325 didomi to give; TDNT-2:172,166; {See TDNT 191} n f AV-tradition 12, ordinance 1; 13
1) giving up, giving over
1a) the act of giving up

1b) the surrender of cities

2) a giving over which is done by word of mouth or in writing, i.e. tradition by instruction, narrative, precept, etc.
2a) objectively, that which is delivered, the substance of a teaching

2b) of the body of precepts, esp. ritual, which in the opinion of the later Jews were orally delivered by Moses and orally transmitted in unbroken succession to subsequent generations, which precepts, both illustrating and expanding the written law, as they did were to be obeyed with equal reverence
- Thayer's Greek Lexicon "a giving over, giving up; i. e.
1. the act of giving up, the surrender: of cities, Polybius 9, 25, 5; Josephus, b. j. 1, 8, 6; χρημάτων, Aristotle, pol. 5, 7, 11, p. 1309{a}, 10.; 2. a giving over which is done by word of mouth or in writing..."
- See also 1325 grant, and 3970 patroparadotos used in 1 Peter 1:18
↑ 4469 ῥακά rhaka [rhak-ah’] of Aramaic origin, cf. 07386 רֵיק‎ empty; n; TDNT-6:973,983; [{ See TDNT 688 }] AV-Raca 1; 1 (See vanity)
1) empty, i.e. a senseless, empty headed man

2) a term of reproach used among the Jews in the time of Christ
↑ Deuteronomy 4:24 For the LORD thy God [is] a consuming fire, [even] a jealous God.
Deuteronomy 4:24 For the LORD thy God [is] a consuming fire, [even] a jealous God.

Deuteronomy 5:25 Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall die.

Deuteronomy 9:3 Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God [is] he which goeth over before thee; [as] a consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee.

Hebrews 12:29 For our God [is] a consuming fire.

Matthew 5:22 " But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire."
↑ Deuteronomy 18:18 I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. 19 And it shall come to pass, [that] whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require [it] of him."
↑ Bite not
Ecclesiastes 4:5 "The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh."

Proverbs 6:10 "[Yet] a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 11 So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man."

Proverbs 20:4 "The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; [therefore] shall he beg in harvest, and [have] nothing."

Proverbs 24:33 "[Yet] a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 34 So shall thy poverty come [as] one that travelleth; and thy want as an armed man."

Proverbs 11:17 "The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but [he that is] cruel troubleth his own flesh."

Isaiah 9:20 "And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm:"

Isaiah 9:20 "And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm:"

Ezekiel 11:3 "Which say, [It is] not near; let us build houses: this [city is] the caldron, and we [be] the flesh... 11 This [city] shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the flesh in the midst thereof; [but] I will judge you in the border of Israel:"

Micah 3:3 "Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron."

Galatians 5:14 "For all the law is fulfilled in one word, [even] in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 15 But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another."

2 Corinthians 11:20 "For ye suffer, if a man bring you into bondage, if a man devour [you], if a man take [of you], if a man exalt himself, if a man smite you on the face."

The ultimate bondage is to hate your neighbor through the error of Balaam because we fail to forgive which is the consuming fire of Exodus 33 and the Raca of Matthew 5 that brings the judgement and wrath of God.
↑ Not exercise authority
Matthew 20:25 "But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you:..."

Mark 10:42 "But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But so shall it not be among you:..."

Luke 22:25 "And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye [shall] not [be] so:..."
↑ 3996 πενθέω pentheo [pen-theh’-o] from 3997 sorrow; v; TDNT-6:40,825; [{See TDNT 615 }] AV-mourn 7, wail 2, bewail 1; 10
1) to mourn

2) to mourn for, lament one

For Synonyms see entry 5932
↑ 4239 πραΰς praus [prah-ooce’] apparently a primary word, see 4235; adj; TDNT-6:645,929; [{ See TDNT 658 }] AV-meek 3; 3
1) mildness of disposition, gentleness of spirit, meekness

Meekness toward God is that disposition of spirit in which we accept His dealings with us as good, and therefore without disputing or resisting. In the OT, the meek are those wholly relying on God rather than their own strength to defend them against injustice. Thus, meekness toward evil people means knowing God is permitting the injuries they inflict, that He is using them to purify His elect, and that He will deliver His elect in His time. (#Isa 41:17, Luke 18:1-8) Gentleness or meekness is the opposite to self-assertiveness and self-interest. It stems from trust in God’s goodness and control over the situation. The gentle person is not occupied with self at all. This is a work of the Holy Spirit, not of the human will. (#Galatians 5:23)
↑ 1343 ~δικαιοσύνη~ dikaiosune \@dik-ah-yos-oo’-nay\@ from 1342; TDNT-2:192,168; {See TDNT 192} n f AV-righteousness 92; 92
1) in a broad sense: state of him who is as he ought to be, righteousness, the condition acceptable to God
1a) the doctrine concerning the way in which man may attain a state approved of God

1b) integrity, virtue, purity of life, rightness, correctness of thinking, feeling, and acting

2) in a narrower sense, justice or the virtue which gives each his due
↑ 1655 ~ἐλεήμων~ eleemon \@el-eh-ay’-mone\@ from 1653; TDNT-2:485,222; {See TDNT 232} adj AV-merciful 2; 2
1) merciful
↑
2513 καθαρός katharos [kath-ar-os’] of uncertain affinity; adj; TDNT-3:413,381; [{See TDNT 342 }] AV-pure 17, clean 10, clear 1; 28
1) clean, pure
1a) physically
1a1) purified by fire

1a2) in a similitude, like a vine cleansed by pruning and so fitted to bear fruit

1b) in a levitical sense
1b1) clean, the use of which is not forbidden, imparts no uncleanness

1c) ethically
1c1) free from corrupt desire, from sin and guilt

1c2) free from every admixture of what is false, sincere genuine

1c3) blameless, innocent

1c4) unstained with the guilt of anything
- For Synonyms see entry 5840 & 5896
↑ 2588 καρδία kardia [kar-dee’-ah] prolonged from a primary kar (Latin, cor, "heart"); n f; TDNT- 3:605,415; [{See TDNT 359 }] AV-heart 159, broken hearted + 4937 1; 160
1) the heart
1a) that organ in the animal body which is the centre of the circulation of the blood, and hence was regarded as the seat of physical life

1b) denotes the centre of all physical and spiritual life
1b1) the vigour and sense of physical life

1b2) the centre and seat of spiritual life
1b2a) the soul or mind, as it is the fountain and seat of the thoughts, passions, desires, appetites, affections, purposes, endeavours

1b2b) of the understanding, the faculty and seat of the intelligence

1b2c) of the will and character

1b2d) of the soul so far as it is affected and stirred in a bad way or good, or of the soul as the seat of the sensibilities, affections, emotions, desires, appetites, passions

1c) of the middle or central or inmost part of anything, even though inanimate
↑ 1518 εἰρηνοποιός eirenopoios [i-ray-nop-oy-os’] from 1515 eirene "a state of national tranquillity" and 4160 To make; adj; TDNT-2:419,207; [{See TDNT 219 }] AV-peacemakers 1; 1
1) a peacemaker

2) pacific, loving peace
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 3408 ~μισθός~ misthos \@mis-thos’\@ apparently a primary word; TDNT-4:695,599; {See TDNT 498} n m AV-reward 24, hire 3, wages 2; 29
1) dues paid for work
1a) wages, hire

2) reward: used of the fruit naturally resulting from toils and endeavours
2a) in both senses, rewards and punishments

2b) of the rewards which God bestows, or will bestow, upon good deeds and endeavours

2c) of punishments
↑ 1646 ἐλάχιστος elachistos [el-akh’-is-tos] superlative of elachus (short); used as equivalent to 3398; adj; TDNT- 4:648,593; [{See TDNT 494 }] AV-least 9, very small 2, smallest 1, very little 1; 13
1) smallest least
1a) in size

1b) in amount: of management of affairs

1c) in importance: what is the least moment

1d) in authority: of commandments

1e) in the estimation of men: of persons

1f) in rank and excellence: of persons
↑ 3173 μέγας megas [meg’-as] [including the prolonged forms, feminine megale, plural megaloi, etc., cf also 3176, 3187]; adj; TDNT-4:529,573; [{See TDNT 474 }] AV-great 150, loud 33, misc 12; 195
1) great
1a) of the external form or sensible appearance of things (or of persons)
1a1) in particular, of space and its dimensions, as respects
1a1a) mass and weight: great

1a1b) compass and extent: large, spacious

1a1c) measure and height: long

1a1d) stature and age: great, old

1b) of number and quantity: numerous, large, abundant

1c) of age: the elder

1d) used of intensity and its degrees: with great effort, of the affections and emotions of the mind, of natural events powerfully affecting the senses: violent, mighty, strong

2) predicated of rank, as belonging to
2a) persons, eminent for ability, virtue, authority, power

2b) things esteemed highly for their importance: of great moment, of great weight, importance

2c) a thing to be highly esteemed for its excellence: excellent

3) splendid, prepared on a grand scale, stately

4) great things
4a) of God’s preeminent blessings

4b) of things which overstep the province of a created being, proud (presumptuous) things, full of arrogance, derogatory to the majesty of God
↑ 1067 ~γέεννα~ geenna \@gheh’-en-nah\@ of Hebrew origin 01516 valley םנה־איק and 02011 Hinnom= "lamentation" a valley north of the ‘hill of evil counsel’; n f AV-hell 9, hell fire + 3588 + 4442 3; 12
1) Hell is the place of the future punishment call "Gehenna" or "Gehenna of fire". This was originally the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where the filth and dead animals of the city were cast out and burned; a fit symbol of the wicked and their future destruction.
↑ 4190 ~πονηρός~ poneros \@pon-ay-ros’\@ from a derivative of 4192; adj AV-evil 51, wicked 10, wicked one 6, evil things 2, misc 7; 76
1) full of labours, annoyances, hardships
1a) pressed and harassed by labours

1b) bringing toils, annoyances, perils; of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness; causing pain and trouble

2) bad, of a bad nature or condition
2a) in a physical sense: diseased or blind

2b) in an ethical sense: evil wicked, bad

For Synonyms see entry 5908
++++ The word is used in the nominative case in #Mt 6:13. This usually denotes a title in the Greek. Hence Christ is saying, deliver us from "The Evil," and is probably referring to Satan the adversary of The Way of God.

[1] Benson Commentary

[makarios-2] 3107 μακάριος makarios [mak-ar’-ee-os] a prolonged form of the poetical makar (meaning the same); adj; TDNT- 4:362,548; [{See TDNT 459 }] AV-blessed 44, happy 5, happier 1; 50
1) blessed, happy

The ancient Greek adjective for "blessed" or "happy" is makarios, "which was originally used to describe those who lived in another world." They had "had achieved a state of happiness and contentment in life that was beyond all cares, labors, and even death." The verb makaeizo means "count as happy" or as a noun makarismos has a definition of "a declaration of blessedness" in its "Usage: regarding as happy, blessed, or enviable" while others see it as a "happy calling, the act of pronouncing happy" or "regarding as happy blessed or enviable".

* Distinguished from the Greek noun eulogia also said to mean "blessed", adj. 2127 eulogeo or v. 2128 eulogetos, n. 2129 eulogia = to praise...to consecrate,.

[3] The ancient Greek adjective for "blessed" or "happy" is makarios, "which was originally used to describe those who lived in another world." They had "had achieved a state of happiness and contentment in life that was beyond all cares, labors, and even death." The verb makaeizo means "count as happy" or as a noun makarismos has a definition of "a declaration of blessedness" in its "Usage: regarding as happy, blessed, or enviable" while others see it as a "happy calling, the act of pronouncing happy" or "regarding as happy blessed or enviable".

[4] * Distinguished from the Greek noun eulogia also said to mean "blessed", adj. 2127 eulogeo or v. 2128 eulogetos, n. 2129 eulogia = to praise...to consecrate,.

[apollumi-3] 622 ~ἀπόλλυμι~ apollumi \@ap-ol’-loo-mee\@ from 575 apo from in the sense of separation and the base of 3639 ("ólethros" ("ruination") however does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). Rather it emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with the complete "undoing."); v AV-perish 33, destroy 26, lose 22, be lost 5, lost 4, misc 2; 92
1) to destroy
1a) to put out of the way entirely, abolish, put an end to ruin

1b) render useless

1c) to kill

1d) to declare that one must be put to death

1e) metaph. to devote or give over to eternal misery in hell

1f) to perish, to be lost, ruined, destroyed

2) to destroy
2a) to lose

[4] 3089 λύω luo [loo’-o] a root word; v; TDNT-2:60 & 4:328,543; [{See TDNT 456 }] AV-loose 27, break 5, unloose 3, destroy 2, dissolve 2, put off 1, melt 1, break up 1, break down 1; 43
1) to loose any person (or thing) tied or fastened
1a) bandages of the feet, the shoes,

1b) of a husband and wife joined together by the bond of matrimony

1c) of a single man, whether he has already had a wife or has not yet married

2) to loose one bound, i.e. to unbind, release from bonds, set free
2a) of one bound up (swathed in bandages)

2b) bound with chains (a prisoner), discharge from prison, let go

3) to loosen, undo, dissolve, anything bound, tied, or compacted together
3a) an assembly, i.e. to dismiss, break up

3b) laws, as having a binding force, are likened to bonds

3c) to annul, subvert

3d) to do away with, to deprive of authority, whether by precept or act

3e) to declare unlawful

3f) to loose what is compacted or built together, to break up, demolish, destroy

3g) to dissolve something coherent into parts, to destroy

3h) metaph., to overthrow, to do away with

[5] 1311 ~διαφθείρω~ diaphtheiro \@dee-af-thi’-ro\@ from 1225 and 5351; v AV-destroy 3, corrupt 2, perish 1; 6
1) to change for the worse, to corrupt
1a) of minds, morals

2) to destroy, ruin
2a) to consume
2a1) of bodily vigour and strength

2a2) of the worm or moth that eats provisions, clothing, etc.

2b) to destroy, to kill

[kataluo-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 2647 ~καταλύω~ kataluo \@kat-al-oo’-o\@ from 2596 and 3089; v AV-destroy 9, throw down 3, lodge 1, guest 1, come to nought 1, overthrow 1, dissolve 1; 17
1) to dissolve, disunite
1a) (what has been joined together), to destroy, demolish

1b) metaph. to overthrow i.e. render vain, deprive of success, bring to naught
1b1) to subvert, overthrow

1b1a) of institutions, forms of government, laws, etc., to deprive of force, annul, abrogate, discard

1c) of travellers, to halt on a journey, to put up, lodge (the figurative expression originating in the circumstance that, to put up for the night, the straps and packs of the beasts of burden are unbound and taken off; or, more correctly from the fact that the traveller’s garments, tied up when he is on the journey, are unloosed at it end)

[pleroo-7] 7.0 ^7.1 4137 ~πληρόω~ pleroo \@play-ro’-o\@ from 4134⁹; v AV-fulfil 51, fill 19, be full 7, complete 2, end 2, misc 9; 90
1) to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full
1a) to cause to abound, to furnish or supply liberally
1a1) I abound, I am liberally supplied

2) to render full, i.e. to complete
2a) to fill to the top: so that nothing shall be wanting to full measure, fill to the brim

2b) to consummate: a number
2b1) to make complete in every particular, to render perfect

2b2) to carry through to the end, to accomplish, carry out, (some undertaking)

2c) to carry into effect, bring to realisation, realise
2c1) of matters of duty: to perform, execute

2c2) of sayings, promises, prophecies, to bring to pass, ratify, accomplish

2c3) to fulfil, i.e. to cause God’s will (as made known in the law) to be obeyed as it should be, and God’s promises (given through the prophets) to receive fulfilment

[8] 3862 ~παράδοσις~ paradosis \@par-ad’-os-is\@ from 3860 paradidomi the verb which is from the preposition to from 3844 para of and 1325 didomi to give; TDNT-2:172,166; {See TDNT 191} n f AV-tradition 12, ordinance 1; 13
1) giving up, giving over
1a) the act of giving up

1b) the surrender of cities

2) a giving over which is done by word of mouth or in writing, i.e. tradition by instruction, narrative, precept, etc.
2a) objectively, that which is delivered, the substance of a teaching

2b) of the body of precepts, esp. ritual, which in the opinion of the later Jews were orally delivered by Moses and orally transmitted in unbroken succession to subsequent generations, which precepts, both illustrating and expanding the written law, as they did were to be obeyed with equal reverence

Thayer's Greek Lexicon "a giving over, giving up; i. e.
1. the act of giving up, the surrender: of cities, Polybius 9, 25, 5; Josephus, b. j. 1, 8, 6; χρημάτων, Aristotle, pol. 5, 7, 11, p. 1309{a}, 10.; 2. a giving over which is done by word of mouth or in writing..."
See also 1325 grant, and 3970 patroparadotos used in 1 Peter 1:18

[11] Thayer's Greek Lexicon "a giving over, giving up; i. e.

[12] See also 1325 grant, and 3970 patroparadotos used in 1 Peter 1:18

[raca-9] 4469 ῥακά rhaka [rhak-ah’] of Aramaic origin, cf. 07386 רֵיק‎ empty; n; TDNT-6:973,983; [{ See TDNT 688 }] AV-Raca 1; 1 (See vanity)
1) empty, i.e. a senseless, empty headed man

2) a term of reproach used among the Jews in the time of Christ

[fire-10] Deuteronomy 4:24 For the LORD thy God [is] a consuming fire, [even] a jealous God.
Deuteronomy 4:24 For the LORD thy God [is] a consuming fire, [even] a jealous God.

Deuteronomy 5:25 Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall die.

Deuteronomy 9:3 Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God [is] he which goeth over before thee; [as] a consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee.

Hebrews 12:29 For our God [is] a consuming fire.

Matthew 5:22 " But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire."

[11] Deuteronomy 18:18 I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. 19 And it shall come to pass, [that] whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require [it] of him."

[eatbite-12] Bite not
Ecclesiastes 4:5 "The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh."

Proverbs 6:10 "[Yet] a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 11 So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man."

Proverbs 20:4 "The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; [therefore] shall he beg in harvest, and [have] nothing."

Proverbs 24:33 "[Yet] a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 34 So shall thy poverty come [as] one that travelleth; and thy want as an armed man."

Proverbs 11:17 "The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but [he that is] cruel troubleth his own flesh."

Isaiah 9:20 "And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm:"

Isaiah 9:20 "And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm:"

Ezekiel 11:3 "Which say, [It is] not near; let us build houses: this [city is] the caldron, and we [be] the flesh... 11 This [city] shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the flesh in the midst thereof; [but] I will judge you in the border of Israel:"

Micah 3:3 "Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron."

Galatians 5:14 "For all the law is fulfilled in one word, [even] in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 15 But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another."

2 Corinthians 11:20 "For ye suffer, if a man bring you into bondage, if a man devour [you], if a man take [of you], if a man exalt himself, if a man smite you on the face."

The ultimate bondage is to hate your neighbor through the error of Balaam because we fail to forgive which is the consuming fire of Exodus 33 and the Raca of Matthew 5 that brings the judgement and wrath of God.

[exauth-13] Not exercise authority
Matthew 20:25 "But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you:..."

Mark 10:42 "But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But so shall it not be among you:..."

Luke 22:25 "And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye [shall] not [be] so:..."

[pentheo-14] 3996 πενθέω pentheo [pen-theh’-o] from 3997 sorrow; v; TDNT-6:40,825; [{See TDNT 615 }] AV-mourn 7, wail 2, bewail 1; 10
1) to mourn

2) to mourn for, lament one

For Synonyms see entry 5932

[praus-15] 4239 πραΰς praus [prah-ooce’] apparently a primary word, see 4235; adj; TDNT-6:645,929; [{ See TDNT 658 }] AV-meek 3; 3
1) mildness of disposition, gentleness of spirit, meekness

Meekness toward God is that disposition of spirit in which we accept His dealings with us as good, and therefore without disputing or resisting. In the OT, the meek are those wholly relying on God rather than their own strength to defend them against injustice. Thus, meekness toward evil people means knowing God is permitting the injuries they inflict, that He is using them to purify His elect, and that He will deliver His elect in His time. (#Isa 41:17, Luke 18:1-8) Gentleness or meekness is the opposite to self-assertiveness and self-interest. It stems from trust in God’s goodness and control over the situation. The gentle person is not occupied with self at all. This is a work of the Holy Spirit, not of the human will. (#Galatians 5:23)

[dikaiosune-16] 1343 ~δικαιοσύνη~ dikaiosune \@dik-ah-yos-oo’-nay\@ from 1342; TDNT-2:192,168; {See TDNT 192} n f AV-righteousness 92; 92
1) in a broad sense: state of him who is as he ought to be, righteousness, the condition acceptable to God
1a) the doctrine concerning the way in which man may attain a state approved of God

1b) integrity, virtue, purity of life, rightness, correctness of thinking, feeling, and acting

2) in a narrower sense, justice or the virtue which gives each his due

[eleemon-17] 1655 ~ἐλεήμων~ eleemon \@el-eh-ay’-mone\@ from 1653; TDNT-2:485,222; {See TDNT 232} adj AV-merciful 2; 2
1) merciful

[katharos-18] 2513 καθαρός katharos [kath-ar-os’] of uncertain affinity; adj; TDNT-3:413,381; [{See TDNT 342 }] AV-pure 17, clean 10, clear 1; 28
1) clean, pure
1a) physically
1a1) purified by fire

1a2) in a similitude, like a vine cleansed by pruning and so fitted to bear fruit

1b) in a levitical sense
1b1) clean, the use of which is not forbidden, imparts no uncleanness

1c) ethically
1c1) free from corrupt desire, from sin and guilt

1c2) free from every admixture of what is false, sincere genuine

1c3) blameless, innocent

1c4) unstained with the guilt of anything

For Synonyms see entry 5840 & 5896

[23] For Synonyms see entry 5840 & 5896

[kardia-19] 2588 καρδία kardia [kar-dee’-ah] prolonged from a primary kar (Latin, cor, "heart"); n f; TDNT- 3:605,415; [{See TDNT 359 }] AV-heart 159, broken hearted + 4937 1; 160
1) the heart
1a) that organ in the animal body which is the centre of the circulation of the blood, and hence was regarded as the seat of physical life

1b) denotes the centre of all physical and spiritual life
1b1) the vigour and sense of physical life

1b2) the centre and seat of spiritual life
1b2a) the soul or mind, as it is the fountain and seat of the thoughts, passions, desires, appetites, affections, purposes, endeavours

1b2b) of the understanding, the faculty and seat of the intelligence

1b2c) of the will and character

1b2d) of the soul so far as it is affected and stirred in a bad way or good, or of the soul as the seat of the sensibilities, affections, emotions, desires, appetites, passions

1c) of the middle or central or inmost part of anything, even though inanimate

[eirenopoios-20] 1518 εἰρηνοποιός eirenopoios [i-ray-nop-oy-os’] from 1515 eirene "a state of national tranquillity" and 4160 To make; adj; TDNT-2:419,207; [{See TDNT 219 }] AV-peacemakers 1; 1
1) a peacemaker

2) pacific, loving peace

[misthose-21] 21.0 ^21.1 3408 ~μισθός~ misthos \@mis-thos’\@ apparently a primary word; TDNT-4:695,599; {See TDNT 498} n m AV-reward 24, hire 3, wages 2; 29
1) dues paid for work
1a) wages, hire

2) reward: used of the fruit naturally resulting from toils and endeavours
2a) in both senses, rewards and punishments

2b) of the rewards which God bestows, or will bestow, upon good deeds and endeavours

2c) of punishments

[22] 1646 ἐλάχιστος elachistos [el-akh’-is-tos] superlative of elachus (short); used as equivalent to 3398; adj; TDNT- 4:648,593; [{See TDNT 494 }] AV-least 9, very small 2, smallest 1, very little 1; 13
1) smallest least
1a) in size

1b) in amount: of management of affairs

1c) in importance: what is the least moment

1d) in authority: of commandments

1e) in the estimation of men: of persons

1f) in rank and excellence: of persons

[23] 3173 μέγας megas [meg’-as] [including the prolonged forms, feminine megale, plural megaloi, etc., cf also 3176, 3187]; adj; TDNT-4:529,573; [{See TDNT 474 }] AV-great 150, loud 33, misc 12; 195
1) great
1a) of the external form or sensible appearance of things (or of persons)
1a1) in particular, of space and its dimensions, as respects
1a1a) mass and weight: great

1a1b) compass and extent: large, spacious

1a1c) measure and height: long

1a1d) stature and age: great, old

1b) of number and quantity: numerous, large, abundant

1c) of age: the elder

1d) used of intensity and its degrees: with great effort, of the affections and emotions of the mind, of natural events powerfully affecting the senses: violent, mighty, strong

2) predicated of rank, as belonging to
2a) persons, eminent for ability, virtue, authority, power

2b) things esteemed highly for their importance: of great moment, of great weight, importance

2c) a thing to be highly esteemed for its excellence: excellent

3) splendid, prepared on a grand scale, stately

4) great things
4a) of God’s preeminent blessings

4b) of things which overstep the province of a created being, proud (presumptuous) things, full of arrogance, derogatory to the majesty of God

[geenna-24] 1067 ~γέεννα~ geenna \@gheh’-en-nah\@ of Hebrew origin 01516 valley םנה־איק and 02011 Hinnom= "lamentation" a valley north of the ‘hill of evil counsel’; n f AV-hell 9, hell fire + 3588 + 4442 3; 12
1) Hell is the place of the future punishment call "Gehenna" or "Gehenna of fire". This was originally the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where the filth and dead animals of the city were cast out and burned; a fit symbol of the wicked and their future destruction.

[25] 4190 ~πονηρός~ poneros \@pon-ay-ros’\@ from a derivative of 4192; adj AV-evil 51, wicked 10, wicked one 6, evil things 2, misc 7; 76
1) full of labours, annoyances, hardships
1a) pressed and harassed by labours

1b) bringing toils, annoyances, perils; of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness; causing pain and trouble

2) bad, of a bad nature or condition
2a) in a physical sense: diseased or blind

2b) in an ethical sense: evil wicked, bad

For Synonyms see entry 5908
++++ The word is used in the nominative case in #Mt 6:13. This usually denotes a title in the Greek. Hence Christ is saying, deliver us from "The Evil," and is probably referring to Satan the adversary of The Way of God.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

Matthew 5

Contents

The Sermon on the Mount

The Beatitudes

Salt and Light

Christ Came to Fulfill the Law

Anger

Agree

Lust

Divorce

Oaths

Retaliation

Love Your Enemies

Footnotes

Navigation menu

Matthew 5

The Sermon on the Mount

The Beatitudes

Salt and Light

Christ Came to Fulfill the Law

Anger

Agree

Lust

Divorce

Oaths

Retaliation

Love Your Enemies

Footnotes

Navigation menu

Search