Ezra 1

Ezra Reads the Law to the People. But was the true meaning of his explanation accurately understood by all the people?
Comments
We see the precise usage of these words in verse one in reference to the context in 2 Chronicles 36:22. Cyrus became king of Persia in B.C. 559. Twenty years afterwards he took Babylon from Belshazzar. While there is some confusion ‘the first year of Cyrus’ is generally computed to have been 538 b.c. Cyrus was born about 590 b.c.
The prophecy of the 70 years, Jeremiah 29:10^[1]
V2 In the books written after the captivity(last part of Chronicles, in Nehemiah, and Daniel), "The LORD God" is styled the God of heaven, and not Lord of hosts
V3 How is that house^[2] to be built (וְיִ֗בֶן)^[3] ? What does it mean in Isaiah 45:13^[4] where God says of Cyrus, He shall build my city? Would it be one of the cities of blood? How should the foundation for the temple be laid in Jerusalem Isaiah 44:28^[5] Should it be built with hands?^[6]
V4 Help^[7] besides the "freewill offerings"^[8]
V5 The "chief of the fathers" are the heads of families whose spirits were raised to build the house of the LORD which [is] in Jerusalem. But the LORD does not live in a house built with hands.^[6]
V6 "[that] was willingly offered" hiṯnaddêḇ (הִתְנַדֵּֽב׃)^[9]
V7 Things that had been taken were returned with them.
V8 Sheshbazzar "worshipper of fire" is said to be a prince of Judah at the first return from exile in Babylon; usually identified as the Babylonian name for Zerubbabel
V9 Some say that these Large knives were used in the killing of the sacrifices but this word for "Knives is considered a doubtful word because it is only used here. The etymology points to some employment of "basket-work" by some but others suggest ‘censers’ or even ‘changes of raiment’ or others see it as ‘vessels adorned’. maḥălāp̄îm (מַחֲלָפִ֖ים)^[10]



[[1]]

1 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

2 Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3 Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem.

4 And whosoever remaineth in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside the freewill offering for the house of God that is in Jerusalem.

5 Then rose up the chief of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and the Levites, with all them whose spirit God had raised, to go up to build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem.

6 And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered.

7 Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods;

8 Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

9 And this is the number of them: thirty chargers of gold, a thousand chargers of silver, nine and twenty knives,

10 Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.

11 All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up with them of the captivity that were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem.

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Preceded by: 2 Chronicles - Followed by: Nehemiah

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Footnotes

↑ Jeremiah 29:10 For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place.
↑ 01004 ^תיב^ bayith \@bah’- yith\@ BeitYodHey probably from 01129 BeitNunHey to build, rebuild, establish;
AV-house 1881, household 54, home 25, within 22, temple 11, prison 16, place 16, family 3, families + 01 2, dungeon 2, misc 23; 2055 n m

1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation

1b) shelter or abode of animals

1c) human bodies (fig.)

1d) of Sheol

1e) of abode of light and darkness

1f) of land of Ephraim

2) place

3) receptacle

4) home, house as containing a family

5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household

5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body

6) household affairs

7) inwards (metaph.)

8) (TWOT) temple

adv

9) on the inside

prep

10) within
↑ 01129 ^הנב^ banah \@baw-naw’\@ a primitive root BeitNunHey; v; AV-build 340, build up 14, builder 10, made 3, built again + 08735 2, repair 2, set up 2, have children + 08735 1, obtain children + 08735 1, surely 1 (inf. for emphasis); 376
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild

1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)

1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built

1b2) to be rebuilt

1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)

1b4) established (made permanent)

1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
↑ Isaiah 45:13 "I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts."
↑ Isaiah 44:28, "He shall say to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid."
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Without hands
Mark 14:58 We heard him say, I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and within three days I will build another made without hands.

Acts 7:48 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,
Acts 17]]:24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;

2 Corinthians 5:1 ¶ For we know that if our earthly house of [this] tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.

Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: and stones?
Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.

Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.

Romans 2:29 But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.

Philippians 3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.

Hebrews 9:11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;

Hebrews 9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:

Daniel 2:34 Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet [that were] of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces.

Daniel 2:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, [but] it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. 45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream [is] certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.
↑
05375 ^אשׂנ^ nasa’ NunShinAlef \@naw-saw’\@ or ^הסנ^ nacah (#Ps 4:6) \@naw-saw’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 1421} AV-(bare, lift, etc … ) up 219, bear 115, take 58, bare 34, carry 30, (take, carry) … away 22, borne 22, armourbearer 18, forgive 16, accept 12, exalt 8, regard 5, obtained 4, respect 3, misc 74; 654
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up

1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure

1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive

1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted

1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up

1b3) to be borne, be carried

1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away

1c) (Piel)
1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist

1c2) to desire, long (fig.)

1c3) to carry, bear continuously

1c4) to take, take away

1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself

1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity)

1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
- נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
- ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
- א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
See study of wrath
↑ 05071 ^הבדנ^ nᵉdabah \@ned-aw-baw’\@ NunDaletBeitHey from 05068 NunDaletBeit offer willingly; n f; {See TWOT on 1299 @@ "1299a"} AV-freewill offering 15, offerings 9, free offering 2, freely 2, willing offering 1, voluntary offering 1, plentiful 1, voluntarily 1, voluntary 1, willing 1, willingly 1; 26
1) voluntariness, free-will offering
1a) voluntariness

1b) freewill, voluntary, offering
↑
05068 ^בדנ^ nadab \@naw-dab’\@ a primitive root BeitDaletNun; v; {See TWOT on 1299} AV-offered willingly 6, willingly offered 5, willing 2, offered 1, willing 1, offered freely 1, give willingly 1; 17
1) to incite, impel, make willing
1a) (Qal) to incite, impel

1b) (Hithpael)
1b1) to volunteer

1b2) to offer free-will offerings
- See also 05069 בדנ nᵉdab translated AV-freely offered, freewill offering, offering willingly, minded of their own freewill; defined
to volunteer, offer freely
↑
04252 מַחֲלָף‎ MemChetLamedPei machalaph [makh-al-awf’] from 02498 חָלַף‎ chalaph change or pass; n m; [BDB-322b] [{See TWOT on 666 @@ "666d" }] AV-knives 1; 1
1) knife
- Appears in Ezra 1 as מַחֲלָפִ֖ים MemChetLamedPeiYodMem "מַחֲלָפִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס" translated "nine and twenty knives,". A common word for knife is 02719 חֶרֶב‎ chereb.

[1] Jeremiah 29:10 For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place.

[house-2] 01004 ^תיב^ bayith \@bah’- yith\@ BeitYodHey probably from 01129 BeitNunHey to build, rebuild, establish;
AV-house 1881, household 54, home 25, within 22, temple 11, prison 16, place 16, family 3, families + 01 2, dungeon 2, misc 23; 2055 n m

1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation

1b) shelter or abode of animals

1c) human bodies (fig.)

1d) of Sheol

1e) of abode of light and darkness

1f) of land of Ephraim

2) place

3) receptacle

4) home, house as containing a family

5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household

5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body

6) household affairs

7) inwards (metaph.)

8) (TWOT) temple

adv

9) on the inside

prep

10) within

[3] 01129 ^הנב^ banah \@baw-naw’\@ a primitive root BeitNunHey; v; AV-build 340, build up 14, builder 10, made 3, built again + 08735 2, repair 2, set up 2, have children + 08735 1, obtain children + 08735 1, surely 1 (inf. for emphasis); 376
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild

1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)

1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built

1b2) to be rebuilt

1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)

1b4) established (made permanent)

1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)

[4] Isaiah 45:13 "I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts."

[5] Isaiah 44:28, "He shall say to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid."

[nohands-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Without hands
Mark 14:58 We heard him say, I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and within three days I will build another made without hands.

Acts 7:48 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,
Acts 17]]:24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;

2 Corinthians 5:1 ¶ For we know that if our earthly house of [this] tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.

Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: and stones?
Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.

Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.

Romans 2:29 But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.

Philippians 3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.

Hebrews 9:11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;

Hebrews 9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:

Daniel 2:34 Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet [that were] of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces.

Daniel 2:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, [but] it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. 45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream [is] certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.

[7] 05375 ^אשׂנ^ nasa’ Nun Shin Alef \@naw-saw’\@ or ^הסנ^ nacah (#Ps 4:6) \@naw-saw’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 1421} AV-(bare, lift, etc … ) up 219, bear 115, take 58, bare 34, carry 30, (take, carry) … away 22, borne 22, armourbearer 18, forgive 16, accept 12, exalt 8, regard 5, obtained 4, respect 3, misc 74; 654
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up

1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure

1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive

1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted

1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up

1b3) to be borne, be carried

1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away

1c) (Piel)
1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist

1c2) to desire, long (fig.)

1c3) to carry, bear continuously

1c4) to take, take away

1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself

1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity)

1e2) to cause to bring, have brought

נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)

ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)

א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
See study of wrath

[8] נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)

[9] ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)

[10] א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)

[8] 05071 ^הבדנ^ nᵉdabah \@ned-aw-baw’\@ NunDaletBeitHey from 05068 NunDaletBeit offer willingly; n f; {See TWOT on 1299 @@ "1299a"} AV-freewill offering 15, offerings 9, free offering 2, freely 2, willing offering 1, voluntary offering 1, plentiful 1, voluntarily 1, voluntary 1, willing 1, willingly 1; 26
1) voluntariness, free-will offering
1a) voluntariness

1b) freewill, voluntary, offering

[9] 05068 ^בדנ^ nadab \@naw-dab’\@ a primitive root Beit Dalet Nun; v; {See TWOT on 1299} AV-offered willingly 6, willingly offered 5, willing 2, offered 1, willing 1, offered freely 1, give willingly 1; 17
1) to incite, impel, make willing
1a) (Qal) to incite, impel

1b) (Hithpael)
1b1) to volunteer

1b2) to offer free-will offerings

See also 05069 בדנ nᵉdab translated AV-freely offered, freewill offering, offering willingly, minded of their own freewill; defined
to volunteer, offer freely

[13] See also 05069 בדנ nᵉdab translated AV-freely offered, freewill offering, offering willingly, minded of their own freewill; defined

[10] 04252 מַחֲלָף‎ MemChetLamedPei machalaph [makh-al-awf’] from 02498 חָלַף‎ chalaph change or pass; n m; [BDB-322b] [{See TWOT on 666 @@ "666d" }] AV-knives 1; 1
1) knife

Appears in Ezra 1 as מַחֲלָפִ֖ים MemChetLamedPeiYodMem "מַחֲלָפִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס" translated "nine and twenty knives,". A common word for knife is 02719 חֶרֶב‎ chereb.

[15] Appears in Ezra 1 as מַחֲלָפִ֖ים MemChetLamedPeiYodMem "מַחֲלָפִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס" translated "nine and twenty knives,". A common word for knife is 02719 חֶרֶב‎ chereb.

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Ezra 1

Footnotes

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