Allocutio ad imperatorem Constantinum

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Allocutio ad imperatorem Constantinum Address to the emperor Constantine

SANCTI EUSTATHII EPISCOPI ANTIOCHENI ALLOCUTIO AD IMPERATOREM CONSTANTINUM IN CONCILIO NICAENO. THE ADDRESS OF SAINT EUSTATIUS, BISHOP OF ANTIOCHENE TO THE EMPEROR CONSTANTINE IN THE COUNCIL


Εὐχαριστοῦμεν Θεῷ, κράτιστε βασιλεῦ, τῷ τὴν ἐπίγειον συνθύνοντί σοι βασιλείαν· τῷ τὴν πλάνην τῶν εἰδώλων διὰ σοῦ καταργήσαντι, καὶ τῶν πιστῶν καταστήσαντι ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ τὸν εὔθυμον. Πέπαυται κνίσσα δαιμόνων· καταλέλυται πολυθεΐας Ἑλληνικῆς τὰ σεβάσματα· τὸ τῆς ἀγνωσίας ἀπελαύνεται σκότος· τῷ τῆς θεογνωσίας φωτὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη καταυγάζεται· Πατὴρ δοξολογεῖται· Υἱὸς συμπροσκυνεῖται· τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον καταγγέλλεται· Τριὰς ὁμοούσιος, μία 676 θεότης ἐν τρισὶ προσώποις καὶ ὑποστάσεσι κηρύττεται.

We give thanks to God, keep us as a king, to whom the earth has become a kingdom; to whom the error of the idols has been abolished by you, and the faithful have been made happy in peace. The nettle[1] (snare)[2] of demons is destroyed; the respects of Greek polytheism are destroyed; the darkness of ignorance is banished; the light of the knowledge of God illuminates the world; the Father is glorified; the Son is worshiped together; the Holy Spirit is confessed; Three co-equal, one 676 goddess in three persons and hypostases is preached.[3]

Ταύτῃ τειχίζεται, βασιλεῦ, τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας σου κράτος· ταύτην ἡμῖν ἄσυλον διαφύλαττε. Μηδεὶς αἱρετικὸς, ὑποδὺς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν, ἕν τι τῆς Τριάδος ἀφαιρείτω, καταλιμπάνων τὸ λειπόμενον ἄτιμον. Ἄρειος ἡμῖν ὁ τῆς μανίας ἐπώνυμος τοῦ λόγου καὶ τῆς συνελεύσεως αἴτιος· ὃς, ὡς οὐκ ἴσμεν ὅπως, τῷ πρεσβυτερίῳ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρέων ἐγκαταλεγεὶς Ἐκκλησίας, ἐλάνθανεν ἡμᾶς, τῆς τῶν τρισμακαρίων προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων διδασκαλίας ὑπάρχων ἀλλότριος.

This is the wall, O king, of the state of your piety; preserve this asylum for us. Thou shalt not be the heretic, eroding the Church, taking away something of the Trinity, by damning through dishonour. Arius to us, the name of the fury, the cause of the speech and the assembly, who, as we do not know how, to the elders of the Alexandrian Church, he came to us, to the teachings of the three-time(trismacarian) prophets and apostles.[4]

Τὸν γὰρ μονογενῆ Υἱὸν καὶ Λόγον τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀποστερεῖν τῆς ὁμοουσιότητος τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐκ ἐντρέπεται, καὶ τῇ κτίσει τὸν κτίστην ὁ κτιστολάτρης συναριθμεῖν ἐπείγεται. Τοῦτον ἂν πείσειας, αὐτοκράτωρ, μεταφρονοῦντα, τοῖς ἀποστολικοῖς μὴ ἀντιτείνειν διδάγμασιν· ἢ τοῖς ἐν οἷς ἑάλω κακοδοξίας ἐγκείμενον ἀσεβήμασιν, ἄρδην τῆς Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν ἀφανίσειας ἐπαύλεως, ὡς ἂν μὴ τῆς θολερᾶς αὐτοῦ λογοθωπείας τὰς τῶν ἁπλουστέρων ψυχὰς ἐργάσηται θέραμα.

For he is not ashamed to deprive the only begotten Son and the Word(Logos) of the Father of the sameness of the Father, and the builder hastens to build the builder. If you persuade him, emperor, converts, do not oppose the teaching of the apostles, or to those in whom wickedness lies in impiety,For the sake of Christ and our ineffable praise (our annihilation). as if of his murky rhetoric (foolish reasoning) prey is not made of the simplest souls.[5]


Diagram

Allocutio ad imperatorem Constantinum(Grk.)
Address to the emperor Constantine
SANCTI EUSTATHII EPISCOPI ANTIOCHENI (Lat.)
SAINT EUSTATIUS, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH,
ALLOCUTIO AD IMPERATOREM CONSTANTINUM IN CONCILIO NICAENO. (Lat.)
THE ADDRESS TO THE EMPEROR CONSTANTINE IN THE COUNCIL
Paragraph 1 The doctrine of the author
Εὐχαριστοῦμεν Θεῷ, κράτιστε βασιλεῦ τῷ τὴν ἐπίγειον συνθύνοντί σοι βασιλείαν·
Efcharistoúmen Theó, krátiste vasilef tó tín epígeion synthýnontí soi vasileían:
We give thanks to God, keep us as a king, to whom the earth has become a kingdom;
We give thanks to God, stay king, for thy earthly kingdom, which is thy kingdom on earth.
Notes: Jesus had set the captive free in spirit and truth, so they, every elder of each family, were kings in their own house. The kingdom of God is an earthly kingdom not just after you die.
Line 2, P.1 The doctrine of the author
τῷ τὴν πλάνην τῶν εἰδώλων διὰ σοῦ καταργήσαντι, καὶ τῶν πιστῶν καταστήσαντι ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ τὸν εὔθυμον.
tó tín plánin tón eidólon diá soú katargísanti, kaí tón pistón katastísanti en parrisía tón éfthymon.
to whom the error of the idols has been abolished by you, and the faithful have been made happy in sincerity.
to whom the error[6] of the idols has been abolished by you, and the faithful have been made happy in sincerity.
Notes: "The error[6] of Balaam, and idols included the covetous practices which were idolatry. Because the faithful learned to practices Pure Religion they had joy in their fervent charity of thanksgiving.
Line 3, P.1 The doctrine of the author
Πέπαυται κνίσσα δαιμόνων· καταλέλυται πολυθεΐας Ἑλληνικῆς τὰ σεβάσματα·
Pépaftai kníssa daimónon: katalélytai polytheḯas Ellinikís tá sevásmata:
The nettle[7] of demons is destroyed; the respects of Greek polytheism are destroyed;
The snare of demons is destroyed; the respect of the many gods of Hellenism has crumbled;
Notes: The snare of the devil or adversary of God was through their tables serving the dainties of rulers who exercise authority. The rulers became benefactors and the people became their human resources.
Line 4, P.1 The doctrine of the author
τὸ τῆς ἀγνωσίας ἀπελαύνεται σκότος· τῷ τῆς θεογνωσίας φωτὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη καταυγάζεται·.
tó tís agnosías apelávnetai skótos: tó tís theognosías fotí i oikouméni katavgázetai:.
the darkness of ignorance is banished; to the light of God-knowledge the world is enlightened;
the darkness of ignorance is cast out; the world is covered with the light of the knowledge of God.
Notes: People could not see their foolishness because they lived in darkness concerning their covetousness. Some people could and many could see the "union and discipline" of the network Christian of communities as they survived and thrived during dearths that swept the empire.
Line 5, P.1 The doctrine of the author
Πατὴρ δοξολογεῖται· Υἱὸς συμπροσκυνεῖται· τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον καταγγέλλεταιu
Patír doxologeítai: Yiós symproskyneítai: tó Pnevma tó ágion katangélletai
Father's truth[8] is considered; The Son is worshipped; the Holy Spirit is confessed
The Father is praised; the Son is included; the Holy Spirit is confessed.
Notes: There was a trinityof the father, Son, and Holy Spirit that were in agreement as one but the exact nature was emphasized in the "Doctrine of Jesus". Christ emphasized repentance, forgiveness, charity, and love while attending to the weightier matters and being doers of the word.[9] The measure and truth of our faith in Him and love for Him is seen in how we Keep His Commandments. Our works[10], what we do may give us a measure of the life[11] of our faith in and love for Christ.
Line 6, P.1 The doctrine of the author
Τριὰς ὁμοούσιος, μία 676 θεότης ἐν τρισὶ προσώποις καὶ ὑποστάσεσι κηρύττεται.
Triás omooúsios, mía 676 theótis en trisí prosópois kaí ypostásesi (hypostasis essential nature ) kirýttetai.
Three consubstantial, one 676 goddess in three persons and one essence is preached.
Three alike, 676 Goddesses in three persons and one nature is preached.
Notes:
Paragraph 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
Ταύτῃ τειχίζεται, βασιλεῦ, τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας σου κράτος·
chízetai, vasilef, tó tís efseveías sou krátos:
This is the wall, O king, the state of your piety;
This is that being done, O king, is the end of thy godly state.
Notes:
Line 2 P. 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
ταύτην ἡμῖν ἄσυλον διαφύλαττε. Μηδεὶς αἱρετικὸς, ὑποδὺς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν,
táftin imín ásylon diafýlatte. Mideís airetikós, ypodýs tín Ekklisían,
protect this asylum of ours. Medes the heretic, under the Church,
protect this asylum (immunity) of ours. Be thou not a heretic, but shalt submit to the Church,
Notes:
Line 3 P. 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
ἕν τι τῆς Τριάδος ἀφαιρείτω, καταλιμπάνων τὸ λειπόμενον ἄτιμον.
én ti tís Triádos afaireíto, katalimpánon tó leipómenon átimon.
something of the Trinity I take away, capturing the missing person.
Whatever of the Trinity is taken away curses the remaining as worthless.
Notes:
Line 4 P. 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
Ἄρειος ἡμῖν ὁ τῆς μανίας ἐπώνυμος τοῦ λόγου καὶ τῆς συνελεύσεως αἴτιος·
Áreios imín o tís manías epónymos toú lógou kaí tís syneléfseos aítios:
Blessed is the name of fury of reason and of assembly;
Arius is the name of this mania, the reason of the words, and of the assembly.
Notes:
Line 5 P. 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
ὃς, ὡς οὐκ ἴσμεν ὅπως, τῷ πρεσβυτερίῳ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρέων ἐγκαταλεγεὶς Ἐκκλησίας,
ós, os ouk ísmen ópos, tó presvyterío tís Alexandréon enkatalegeís Ekklisías,
which, as we are not, to the presbytery of the Church of Alexandria,
As we are not of the elders of the Church of Alexandrian,
Notes:
Line 6 P. 2 Exhorting Constantine for his protection
ἐλάνθανεν ἡμᾶς, τῆς τῶν προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων διδασκαλίας ὑπάρχων ἀλλότριος.
elánthanen imás, tís tón trismakaríon profitón kaí apostólon didaskalías ypárchon allótrios.
They came to us, of the three-fold prophets and teaching apostles existing(ypárchon) alien(allótrios stranger).
Who hath made us know the doctrine of the trinitarian(trismacarian), which is contrary (existing as strange) to the doctrine(didaskalías) of the prophets and apostles.
Notes:
Paragraph 3 Exhorting Emperor to persuade
Τὸν γὰρ μονογενῆ Υἱὸν καὶ Λόγον τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀποστερεῖν τῆς ὁμοουσιότητος τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐκ ἐντρέπεται,
Tón gár monogení Yión kaí Lógon toú Patrós apostereín tís omoousiótitos toú Patrós ouk entrépetai,
For the only begotten Son and Word of the Father he is not ashamed to deprive himself of the sameness of the Father,
For he is not ashamed to deprive the only begotten Son and the Word (Logos) of the Father of the sameness of the Father,
Notes:
Line 2 P.3 Exhorting Emperor to persuade
καὶ τῇ κτίσει τὸν κτίστην ὁ κτιστολάτρης συναριθμεῖν ἐπείγεται.
kaí tí ktísei tón ktístin o ktistolátris synarithmeín epeígetai.
and to the builder the builder the builder[12] is in a hurry[13] to bring the lovers together.[14]
And the builder of this creature oppresses the beloved builder.
Notes:
Line 2 P.3 Exhorting Emperor to persuade
Τοῦτον ἂν πείσειας, αὐτοκράτωρ, μεταφρονοῦντα, τοῖς ἀποστολικοῖς μὴ ἀντιτείνειν διδάγμασιν·
Toúton án peíseias, aftokrátor, metafronoúnta, toís apostolikoís mí antiteínein didágmasin:
If you persuade him, emperor, converts, do not oppose the teaching of the apostles;
If you persuade him, emperor, converts, do not oppose the teaching of the apostles,
Notes:
Line 3 P.3 Exhorting Emperor to persuade
ἢ τοῖς ἐν οἷς ἑάλω κακοδοξίας ἐγκείμενον ἀσεβήμασιν, ἄρδην τῆς Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν ἀφανίσειας ἐπαύλεως,
í toís en oís eálo(rise) kakodoxías(malevolence) enkeímenon(imminent) asevímasin(disrepect), árdin tís Christoú kaí imón afaníseias epávleos,
to those who lie in the light of wickedness, imminent disrespect, fire[15] of Christ and our house of destruction,
or to those who raise up wickedness with imminent disrespect, For the position of Christ and our humiliation (our annihilation).
Notes:
Line 4 P.3 Exhorting Emperor to persuade
ὡς ἂν μὴ τῆς θολερᾶς αὐτοῦ λογοθωπείας τὰς τῶν ἁπλουστέρων ψυχὰς ἐργάσηται θέραμα.
os án mí tís tholerás aftoú logothopeías tás tón aploustéron psychás ergásitai thérama.
as if not of his murky speech prey is made of the simplest souls.
as if by his murky rhetoric(foolish reasoning) prey is not made of the simplest souls.
Notes:



Justin the Martyr | Hippolytus of Rome (200 AD) |
Theophilus | Origen | Jerome | Augustine of Hippo |
Constantine | Ambrose | Eusebius | Eustathius |
Allocutio ad imperatorem Constantinum |
Athanasius | Athenagoras of Athens |



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Footnotes

  1. Translated κνῖσα, Ep.κνίση [ῑ], ης, ἡ, (A. steam and odour of fat which exhales from roasting meat, smell or savour of a burnt sacrifice...
    that which causes this smell, fat caul in which the flesh of the victim is wrapped). Also associated with knisa, female. "fill with the savour of burnt sacrifice"... "make them steam with sacrifice".
  2. What is the snare and trap in the Bible? Was it doctrines about names and days, or leaven and breeches or was it about the the daintiesof rulers and the wages of unrighteousness which do not give a sweet savour.
  3. Alternate p.1 Deepl:
    "We thank thee, O thou most holy king, to thy earthly kingdom: to thee that hast abolished the error of idols by thee, and hast made the faithful to be merry. The demon's snare is cast down; the reverences of the Greek polytheia are scattered; the darkness of ignorance is cast out; the world is burned with the light of the knowledge of the gods; the Father is glorified; the Son is praised; the Holy Ghost is confessed; threefold, one 676 Godhead in three persons and hypostases is preached."
  4. Alternate p.2 Deepl:
    "This, O king, is the state of thy piety: this thou hast preserved, O king, this asylum thy immunity. Thou shalt not be a heretic, thou shalt undermine the church, wherein I take away from the Trinity, by damning the remaining dishonour. Areios eminus, the eponymous cause of the word and assembly of mania; who, as we are not as the church of the Alexandrian church, which was left to the elders of the Alexandrian church, hath made us know the doctrine of the trinitarian prophets and apostles, being alien to the doctrine of the trinitarian prophets and apostles."
  5. Alternate p.3 Deepl:
    "For the only begotten Son and Word of the Father cannot be deprived of the likeness of the Father, and the builder of the building is not in danger of being counted. Let him, O emperor, if he be persuaded, convert him, and not contradict the apostles' doctrines, or the impious doctrines which are in them, or the impious doctrines which are in them, as if he were not of his foolish reasoning working the souls of the simplest of men."
  6. 6.0 6.1 The way of error
    2 Peter 2:15 Which have forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, following the way of Balaam [the son] of Bosor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness;
    Jude 1:11 "Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core. 12 These are spots(not "unspotted" like Pure Religion) in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds [they are] without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;"
    Revelation 2:14-17 "But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication ("to permit one’s self to be drawn away by another into idolatry"). 15 So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans, which thing I hate. 16 Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth. 17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth [it]."
    Ezekiel 16:49 "Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy."
  7. nettle, ivy, snare but Translated κνίσσα kníssa... steam and odour of fat which exhales from roasting meat, smell or savour of a burnt sacrifice... that which causes this smell, fat caul in which the flesh of the victim is wrapped. Also associated with knisa, kníssa, or female. "fill with the savour of burnt sacrifice"... "make them steam with sacrifice". The Latin nīdor, ōris, m. Gr. κνίσσα for κνιδια, "Non enim nidor (genitive nīdōris) a strong smell: reek. especially : the smell of burning meat or fat.
  8. 1391 ~δόξα~ doxa \@dox’-ah\@ from the base of 1380 (think); TDNT-2:233,178; {See TDNT 197} n f AV-glory 145, glorious 10, honour 6, praise 4, dignity 2, worship 1; 168
    1) opinion, judgment, view
    2) opinion, estimate, whether good or bad concerning someone
    2a) in the NT always a good opinion concerning one, resulting in praise, honour, and glory
    3) splendour, brightness
    3a) of the moon, sun, stars
    3b) magnificence, excellence, preeminence, dignity, grace
    3c) majesty
    3c1) a thing belonging to God, the kingly majesty which belongs to him as supreme ruler, majesty in the sense of the absolute perfection of the deity
    3c2) a thing belonging to Christ
    3c2a) the kingly majesty of the Messiah
    3c2b) the absolutely perfect inward or personal excellency of Christ; the majesty
    3c3) of the angels
    3c3a) as apparent in their exterior brightness
    4) a most glorious condition, most exalted state
    4a) of that condition with God the Father in heaven to which Christ was raised after he had achieved his work on earth
    4b) the glorious condition of blessedness into which is appointed and promised that true Christians shall enter after their Saviour’s return from heaven
    Doxa is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion. Used by the Greek rhetoricians as a tool for the formation of argument by using common opinions, the doxa was often manipulated by sophists to persuade the people. The word doxa picked up a new meaning between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC when the Septuagint translated the Hebrew word for "glory" (כבוד, kavod) as doxa.
  9. Doers and not doers
    Matthew 7:21 "Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven. 22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works? 23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity. 24 Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock: 25 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock. 26 And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:"
    Matthew 25:11 "Afterward came also the other virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us." See Foolish virgins and Workers of iniquity.
    Luke 6:46 "And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say? 47 Whosoever cometh to me, and heareth my sayings, and doeth them, I will shew you to whom he is like: 48 He is like a man which built an house, and digged deep, and laid the foundation on a rock: and when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently upon that house, and could not shake it: for it was founded upon a rock. 49 But he that heareth, and doeth not, is like a man that without a foundation built an house upon the earth; against which the stream did beat vehemently, and immediately it fell; and the ruin of that house was great."
    Luke 13:25 "When once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us; and he shall answer and say unto you, I know you not whence ye are:" See Workers of iniquity.
    John 3:19 "And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God." See Born again.
    John 9:31 "Now we know that God heareth not sinners: but if any man be a worshipper of God, and doeth his will, him he heareth."
  10. What you do
    Matthew 7:21 "Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven. ... 24 Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock:... 26 And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:"
    Luke 6:47 "Whosoever cometh to me, and heareth my sayings, and doeth them, I will shew you to whom he is like:...49 But he that heareth, and doeth not, is like a man that without a foundation built an house upon the earth; against which the stream did beat vehemently, and immediately it fell; and the ruin of that house was great."
    Luke 7:8 "For I also am a man set under authority, having under me soldiers, and I say unto one, Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth [it]."
    John 3:20 "For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God."
    Titus 1:16 "They profess that they know God; but in works they deny [him], being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate."
    James 1:23 "For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:"
    James 2:20 "But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?
    James 3:13 "Who [is] a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom."
    Revelation 2:2 "I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars:"
    Revelation 20:13 "And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works."
  11. Dead faith
    James 2:17 Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone. 18 Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works. 19 Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble. 20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead? ... 22 Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? ... 26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also."
  12. The word συναριθμεῖν synarithmeín means "count together".
  13. ἐπείγεται epeígetai siggestmore than just hurry or hasten but primarily defined as to press hard, oppress
  14. While the term κτιστολάτρης ktistolátris Is not just the word builder but κτιστο λάτρης ktisto látris or "built by a lover". Or the "builder hastened to join the lovers or worshiper together.
  15. The term ἄρδην árdin means lifted up on high. While ἄρδω ardo can mean I'm going or water)