Welfare types

Society must come together to become a viable unite to survive the natural and man made cataclysms an catastrophes that frequent life on this planet.

Every cohesive society has some form of welfare to provide for the needy in times of difficulty and nurture the survival of society as a whole. There are two types of welfare found in society.

As there were two sons of Adam and Eve these are two types of welfare providers.

• One consist of the nature of the good shepherd who leads his flock beside the still waters an makes them to lie down in green pastures and always seeks to protect and provide for them no matter what the personal cost to himself.
• The other is one that plows the people bringing order and forms them into an organized state by the power of his oxen an the steel of his plow. His way false short of the laws of Nature and Natures God. He will eventually become a brute and ruler over his brother.

Each of these systems require sacrifice of what part of society to aid other parts.

The first system of welfare depends on love and free will offerings of the people, by the choice of the people, for the benefit of the people.

The other system compels the offerings of the people, depending on the authority of some. This second system centralizes power in the hands of a few which historically has corrupted the whole system. With the shift in the power to choose one part of society becomes drugged or intoxicated by the power until more and more power is sought and then abused. The other part of society is also drugged or intoxicated becoming weak and apathetic in the performance of its labors.

These two elements of this second welfare society of the state began to war against the well being of both with the bulk of society becoming indifferent to the needs of the members of society and their own needs become the priority an compelling force in their lives.

The laborers of society began to resent and hate the wealthy and ruling elite members and become more concerned with their personal survival or comfort than the survival and comfort of their fellow member.

Ancient Rome was the wellspring for many modern government programs, including measures that subsidized food, education and other expenses for the needy. These entitlement programs date back to 122 B.C., when the tribune Gaius Gracchus instituted lex frumentaria, a law that ordered Rome’s government to supply its citizens with allotments of cheaply priced grain.

This early form of welfare continued under Trajan, who implemented a program known as “alimenta” to help feed, clothe and educate orphans and poor children. Other items including corn, oil, wine, bread and pork were eventually added to the list of price-controlled goods, which may have been collected with tokens called “tesserae.” These generous handouts helped Roman emperors win favor with the public, but some historians have argued that they also contributed to Rome’s economic decline.known as tesserae, meaning "tile"; from which some confusion can result, in that the small rectangular components of mosaics, found on the floors of Roman villas, are similarly designated.

tesserae hospitālēsObligations of Hospitium.

—The obligations imposed by this covenant were of the most sacred character, and any failure to regard its provisions was sacrilege, bringing upon the offender the anger of Iuppiter Hospitālis. Either of the parties might cancel the bond, but only after a formal and public notice of his intentions. On the other hand the tie was hereditary, descending from father to son, so that persons might be hospitēs who had never so much as seen each other, whose immediate ancestors even might have had no personal intercourse. As a means of identification the original parties exchanged tokens tesserae hospitālēs, (see Rich and Harper, s. v.), by which they or their descendants might recognize each other. These tokens were carefully preserved, and when a stranger claimed hospitium his tessera had to be produced and submitted for examination. If it was found to be genuine, he was entitled to all the privileges that the best-known guest-friend could expect.

These seem to have been entertainment so long as he remained in his host's city, protection including legal assistance if necessary, nursing and medical attendance in case of illness, the means necessary for continuing his journey, and honorable burial if he died among strangers. It will be noticed that these are almost precisely the duties devolving upon members of our great benevolent societies at the present time when appealed to by a brother in distress.

THE PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ROMANS BY HAROLD WHETSTONE JOHNSTON PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO SCOTT, FORESMAN AND COMPANY 1909

A tessera was the ancient Roman equivalent of a theater ticket. Stamped into a clay shard was an entrance aisle and row number for spectators attending an event at an amphitheater or arena. Above the doors of the Colosseum in Rome are numbers corresponding to those stamped into a spectator's tessera. Tesserae frumentariae and nummariae were tokens given at certain times by the Roman magistrates to citizens, in exchange for which they received a fixed amount of wheat or money.[1] Smith, Sir William (1859), A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (2 ed.), Little, Brown, and Co., p. 550 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessera_%28commerce%29

TES′SERA, dim. TESSE′RULA and TESSEL′LA (κύβος), a square or cube; a die; a token.The use of small cubes of marble, earthenware, glass, precious stones, and mother-of‑pearl for making tessellated pavements (pavimenta tessellata, (Sueton. Jul. 46) is noticed under Domus, p431 and Pictura, p915.The dice used in games of chance [Alea] had the same form, and were commonly made of ivory, bone, or some close-grained wood, especially privet (ligustra tesseris utilissima, Plin. H. N. XVI.18 s31). They were numbered on all the six sides like the dice still in use (Ovid. Trist. II.473); and in this respect as well as in their form they differed from the tali, which are often distinguished from tesserae by classical writers (Gellius, XVIII.13; Cic. de Sen. 16) [Talus.]

Whilst four tali were used in playing, only three tesserae were anciently employed. Hence arose the proverb, ἢ τρὶς ἕξ, ἢ τρεῖς κύβοι, i.e. "either three sixes or three aces," meaning, all or none (Plat. Leg. XII. ad fin.; Schol. in loc.; Pherecrates, p49, ed. Runkel); for κύβος was used to denote the ace, as in the throw δύο κύβω καὶ τέτταρα, i.e. 1, 1, 4 = 6 (Eupolis, p174, ed. Runkel; Aristoph. Ran. 1447; Schol. in loc.). Three sixes is mentioned as the highest throw in the Agamemnon of Aeschylus (32). As early as the time of Eustathius (in Od. I.107) we find that the modern practice of using two dice instead of three had been established.The ancients sometimes played with dice πλειστοβολίνδα [Talus], when the object was simply to throw the highest numbers. At other times they played also with two sets of Latrunculi or draughtsmen, having fifteen men on each side. The board (alveus lusorius, Plin. H. N. XXXVII.2 s6; alveolus, Gellius, I.20, XIV.1) was divided by twelve lines, so that the game must have been nearly or altogether the same with tric-trac or backgammon (Brunck, Anal. III.60; Jacobs, ad loc.).

Perhaps the duodecim scripta of the Romans was the same game. [Abacus.]Objects of the same materials with dice, and either formed like them or of an oblong shape, were used as tokens for different purposes. The tessera hospitalis was the token of mutual hospitality, and is spoken of under Hospitium, p619A. This token was probably in many cases of earthenware, having the head of Jupiter Hospitalis stamped upon it (Plaut. Poen. V.1.25; 2.87‑99).

Tessera frumentariae and nummariae were tokens given at certain times by the Roman magistrates to the poor, in exchange for which they received a fixed amount of cornº or money (Sueton. Aug. 40, 42, Nero, 11). [Frumentariae Leges.] Similar tokens were used on various occasions, as they arose in the course of events. For example, when p1113the Romans sent to give the Carthaginians their choice of peace or war, they sent two tesserae, one marked with a spear, the other with a Caduceus, requesting them to take either the one or the other (Gellius, X.27).From the application of this term to tokens of various kinds, it was transferred to the word used as a token among soldiers. This was the tessera militaris, the συνθημα of the Greeks. Before joining battle it was given out and passed through the ranks as a method by which the soldiers might be able to distinguish friends from foes. Thus at the battle of Cunaxa the word was "Zeus the Saviour and Victory," and on a subsequent engagement by the same troops "Zeus the Saviour, Heracles the Leader" (Xen. Anab. I.8 §16, VI.3 §25).

The soldiers of Xenophon used a verbal sign for the same purpose when they were encamped by night (VII.3 §34). Aeneas Tacticus (c24) gives various directions necessary to be observed respecting the word. Respecting the tessera or watchword in the Roman camp, see Castra, p251A .

The following is not true but has been reported and disseminate as true and to some degree it is a plan that is used by evil throughout the history o man.

In May of 1919 at Dusseldorf, Germany, the allied forces obtained a copy of some of the Communists Rules for revolution. Nearly 50 years later, these RULES are still being followed. As you read, stop after each item and think about the present day situations where we live - and all around our nation. We quote these rules: A. Corrupt the young, get them interested in sex. Make them superficial; destroy their ruggedness.

B. Get control of all means of publicity, thereby get people's minds off their government by focusing their attention on entertainment,sexy books and plays and other trivalities.

C. Divide the people into hostile groups by constantly harping on the controversial matters of no importance.

D. Destroy the people's faith in their natural leaders by holding them up to contempt and ridicule.

E. Always preach true democracy, but seize power as fast and as ruthless as possible.

F. By encouraging government extravagance, destroy its credit,produce fear of inflation with rising prices and general discontent.

G. Promote unnecessary strikes in vital industries, encourage civildisorders and foster a lenient and soft attitude on the part of the government toward such disorders.

H. By specious argument cause breakdown of the moral virtues,honesty, sobriety, continence, faith in the pledged word.

I. Cause the registration of all firearms on some pretext, with a view to confiscating them and leaving the population helpless.

Folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand will write: “The rules have to do with dividing people into hostile groups, encouraging government extravagance, and fomenting unnecessary ‘strikes’ in vital industries. What we have lost, the list suggests, is a world without dissent, budget deficits, inflation, and labor unrest. I just can’t remember any such Golden Age.” [Stickney, 1996, pp. xx; Free Inquiry, 1999; Rosa Luxemburg, 2003; Snopes (.com), 7/10/2007]

Rules corrupt, and the less rules we have, the purer the game.